Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Article Title: The effect of 4.3 GHz high-power microwave exposure on human corneal epithelial cells
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2026.1729198
Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein-level validation of the AMPK–TSC2–mTOR–ULK1 signaling pathway at 24 h after 4.3 GHz HPM exposure. Representative Western blot bands and quantification of total and phosphorylated signaling proteins, including AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) (A–C) TSC2, and phosphorylated TSC2 (p-TSC2) (D–F) mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) (G–I) ULK1, phosphorylated ULK1 (p-ULK1) (J–L) in HCE-T cells following exposure to 1.64 W/kg, 3.28 W/kg, and 8.2 W/kg HPM for 24 h. Protein expression levels were normalized to the corresponding total protein (for phosphorylated forms) or β-actin (for total protein). (n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).
Article Snippet: ULK1 (1:500, 20986-1-AP), p-ULK1 (Ser555) (1:500, 80218-1-RR), TSC2 (1:1000, 24601-1-AP), p-TSC2 (1:500, 29000-1-AP), AMPK (1:5000, 10929-2-AP) were from Proteintech, Wuhan, China.β-actin (1:5000, GB15003-100), HRP conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) (1:3000, GB23303) were from Servicebio, Wuhan, China.
Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Western Blot, Expressing